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 Vessel是一個16層高的圓形攀爬結構，擁有2,465級臺階和80個樓梯平臺，俯瞰著哈德遜河(Hudson River)和曼哈頓，是一座新型的公共地標。它位于哈德遜園區(Hudson Yards)開發項目的主要公共廣場上，是該廣場的核心特征，值得一提的是，哈德遜園區是美國歷史上最大的房地產項目之一，旨在將曼哈頓上西區的一個前火車站改造成一個全新的社區，并打造一系列總面積超過5英畝的新型公共空間和花園。

 

Vessel is a new type of public landmark – a 16-storey circular climbing frame, with 2,465 steps, 80 landings and views across the Hudson River and Manhattan. It is the central feature of the main public square in the Hudson Yards development, one of the largest real estate projects in American history, which is transforming a former rail yard in Manhattan’s Upper West Side into a completely new neighbourhood, with more than five acres of new public spaces and gardens.

 

▼項目外觀，exterior view ©Michael Moran for Related-Oxford

 

建筑事務所Heatherwick Studio受到委托，為哈德遜園區設計一個地標性的結構，不僅能將游客們吸引過來，同時還能在曼哈頓中創造一個全新的聚會場所。建筑師所面臨的一部分挑戰是如何創造出一個令人難忘的、不會被周圍大尺度的高層建筑群淹沒、或是能夠適應火車站臺上方的新型公共空間的體量。因此，通過多角度多方位的多種探索，建筑師首先將本項目限定在一個較小的框架內：它應該是一個令人難忘的單體建筑，而不是一系列分散在整個大空間內的建筑體量;它不應該是一個死板的靜態雕塑，而應該是一個充滿樂趣的社交場所，從而鼓勵人們參與其中，進行各式各樣的活動。

 

Heatherwick Studio was asked to design a centrepiece for Hudson Yards, something that would welcome visitors into the heart of the district and create a new place to meet in Manhattan. Part of the challenge was to create something memorable that would not be overwhelmed by the surrounding cluster of towers, or the scale of the new public space above the train platform. Exploring different possibilities, the team started to narrow the parameters: it should be a memorable single object, not a series of objects dispersed throughout the space; rather than an inert, static sculpture, it should be a social encounter, which encourages activity and participation – it should be fun.

 

▼項目外觀局部，深銅色金屬表面將其與周邊環境區分開來，partial exterior view, the deep copper-toned metal sets the structure apart from the surrounding architecture ©Francis Dzikowski for Related-Oxford

 

觀察城市中人們自然聚集的地方，最基礎的公共設施通常都是非常簡單的結構——樓梯，比如羅馬著名的西班牙階梯。為了對樓梯這種簡單的公共結構類型進行進一步的探索，建筑事務所Heatherwick Studio專門研究了傳統的印度階梯井;這個階梯井結構由一個錯綜復雜的石階網絡組成，因此，即使水庫中的水位發生變化，人們仍然可以到達它的表面。然而，就像圓形劇場一樣，印度階梯井的焦點在于其井狀的結構形式，但在本項目中，建筑師希望創造一種既外向又內向的空間體驗。

 

▼爆炸軸測圖，將臺階之間的虛空間打開，創建一個三維的格架，將公共廣場在垂直方向上向上拉伸，the exploded axon, opening up voids between the steps to create a three- dimensional lattice, stretching the public square upwards ©Heatherwick Studio

 

Looking at the places in cities where people naturally congregate, the underlying infrastructure is often simple – a staircase, for example, such as the famous Spanish Steps in Rome. Researching this typology further, the studio explored traditional Indian stepwells; these have an intricate network of stone stairs, so that as the water level in the reservoir changes, the surface is still accessible. However, like an amphitheatre, the focus of a well is its centre, and the studio wanted to create an experience that was outward as well as inward-looking.

 

▼項目局部，樓梯被豎向拉伸，創造出一個連續的幾何圖案，提供朝向哈德遜河的景觀視野，partial view, the stairs are stretched upwards to create the continuous geometric pattern, offering the view towards the Hudson River ©Michael Moran for Related-Oxford

 

▼項目局部，采用一系列樓梯，從而創造一種既外向又內向的空間體驗，partial exterior view, creating an experience that is outward as well as inward-looking through stairs ©Getty Images

 

通過將臺階之間的虛空間打開來創建一個三維的格架，將公共廣場在垂直方向上向上拉伸，從而創造出總長超過一英里的步行路徑，為游客和市民們提供了多種探索途經。為了給這個擁有著154個相互連接的梯段的“臺階井”創造一個連續的幾何圖案，建筑師決定將本項目打造為一個自承重的結構，即不需要額外的柱子和梁，而這就需要一個謹慎的、精心設計的結構解決方案。最終，建筑師通過在每對樓梯之間插入一根鋼脊來解決這個問題，同時在“向上”和“向下”的結構之間形成一種自然的區分。該結構所使用的未經處理的焊接鋼材直接暴露在大眾的視野中，使本項目具有高度的透明性和完整性，此外，樓梯下方的空間采用深銅色調的金屬飾面，將本結構與周圍的建筑區別開來。

 

▼樓梯下鋼脊細部，dogbone details ©Heatherwick Studio

 

By opening up voids between the steps to create a three- dimensional lattice, the public square could be stretched upwards, creating more than a mile of routes that could be explored in different ways. To create the continuous geometric pattern of the stepwell, with 154 interconnecting flights of stairs, the object had to be self-supporting – a discreet structural solution was required, which did not need additional columns and beams. This was resolved by inserting a steel spine between each pair of staircases, creating a natural division between ‘up’ and ‘down’. The raw welded steel of this structure is exposed to give the object clarity and integrity, and the underside of the staircases is clad in a deep copper-toned metal, setting them apart from the surrounding architecture.

 

▼從項目內部仰視，仿佛置身于一個樓梯井中，looking up from the interior space, as if staying in a stair well ©Michael Moran for Related-Oxford

 

▼項目局部，樓梯下方的空間采用深銅色調的金屬飾面，partial view, the underside of the staircases is clad in a deep copper-toned metal ©Getty Images

 

▼項目局部，深銅色的金屬飾面與玻璃欄桿扶手相輔相成，partial view, deep copper-tone metal veneers complement the glass handrails ©Michael Moran for Related-Oxford

 

從節點結構到扶手，Vessel的每個元素都是專門定制的。75個巨大的鋼構件由來自威尼斯的專業制造商Cimolai制造生產，然后通過六艘駁船從意大利運至哈德遜河，隨后在基地進行了為期三年的組裝工程。盡管Vessel是一個大規模的結構，但實際上，它是完完全全按照人的尺度進行設計的，為身在紐約的居民和游客提供了一個可以攀爬、探索和享受的簡單結構，同時通過人們的活動和下方廣場的反射使其自身充滿活力。

 

▼欄桿扶手細部，details of the balustrade ©Heatherwick Studio

 

Every element of the Vessel is bespoke, from the joints to the handrails. The 75 huge steel com- ponents were produced in Venice by specialist fabricator Cimolai, before being brought from Italy in six shipments, carried across the Hudson River by barge, and assembled on site in a process that took three years. Yet despite the size of the Vessel, it has been designed at a human scale, to be climbed, explored and enjoyed by New Yorkers and visitors – a simple structure, animated by people and the reflections of the square beneath.

 

▼樓梯和扶手局部，partial view of the stairs and the balustrade ©Getty Images

 

▼總平面圖，site plan ©Heatherwick Studio

 

▼首層平面圖，ground floor plan ©Heatherwick Studio

 

▼屋頂平面圖，ground floor plan ©Heatherwick Studio

 

▼北立面圖，north elevation ©Heatherwick Studio

 

▼南立面圖，south elevation ©Heatherwick Studio

 

▼西立面圖，west elevation ©Heatherwick Studio

 

▼剖面圖，section ©Heatherwick Studio

 

▼電梯構造剖面細節，the lift section ©Heatherwick Studio

 

Project Name: Vessel

Location: Hudson Yards, New York

Completion date: March 2019

Area / height: 2,210 square metres / 45.7 metres

Designed by Heatherwick Studio

Design Director: Thomas Heatherwick

Group Leader: Stuart Wood

Project Leader: Laurence Dudeney

Project team: Charlotte Bovis, Einar Blixhavn, Antoine van Erp, Felipe Escudero, Thomas Farmer, Steven Howson, Jessica In, Nilufer Kocabas, Panagiota Kotsovinou, Barbara Lavickova, Alexander Laing, Elli Liverakou, Pippa Murphy, Luke Plumbley, Ivan Ucros Polley, Daniel Portilla, Jeff Powers, Matthew Pratt, Peter Romvári, Ville Saarikoski, Takashi Tsurumaki

Client: Related, Oxford Properties Group

Design Engineers: AKTII

Structural Engineers: Thornton Tomasetti

Landscape Architects: Nelson Byrd Woltz

Architect of Record: KPF Associates

Steel Contractor: Cimolai

Lift Contractor: Cimolai Technologies

Cladding Contractor: Permasteelia

Crowd Analysis: ARUP

Lighting Designers: L’Observateur

Project Management: Tisham

 

來源：本文轉載自谷德設計網(gooood)

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